| A | Thomas Krahn, MSc (Dipl.-Ing.), YSEQ.net, Berlin, Germany |
| ACT | Ancient-Tales Institute of Anthropology, Enlighten BioTech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China |
| AD | Dr. Mohammed Al Sharija, Ministry of Education (Kuwait) |
| AF | Fernando Mendez, Ph.D., University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona |
| ALK | Ahmad Al Khuraiji |
| AM | Laboratory of Forensic Genetics and Molecular Archaeology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium |
| AMM | Laboratory of Forensic Genetics and Molecular Archaeology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium |
| B | Estonian Genome Centre |
| BY | Big Y testing (next generation sequencing) discovered with the BigY-500, Family Tree DNA, Houston, Texas |
| BZ | Q-M242 Project, Family Tree DNA, Houston, TX. SNPs named in honor of Barry Zwick. |
| CTS | Chris Tyler-Smith, Ph.D., The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, England |
| DC | Dál Cais, an Irish group believed to be descended from Cas, b. CE 347, related to SNP R-L226; Dennis Wright |
| DF | anonymous researcher using publicly available full-genome-sequence data, including 1000 Genomes Project data; named in honor of the DNA-Forums.org genetic genealogy community |
| E | Bulat Muratov |
| F | Li Jin, Ph.D., Fudan University, Shanghai, China |
| F* | Chuan-Chao Wang, Hui Li, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Beginning letter F; second letter Haplogroup, i.e. FI is Fudan Haplogroup I) |
| FGC | Full Genomes Corp. of Virginia and Maryland |
| FT | Big Y testing (next generation sequencing)discovered with the Big Y-700, Family Tree DNA, Houston, Texas |
| G | Verónica Gomes, IPATIMUP Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto) |
| GG | Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia |
| IMS-JST | Institute of Medical Science-Japan Science and Technology Agency |
| JD | David Stedman using Big Y and other NGS sources. |
| JFS | John Sloan |
| JN | Jakob Nortsedt-Moberg |
| K | Youngmin JeongAhn, Ph.D; Education: Seoul National University and the University of Arizona |
| KHS | Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology |
| KL | Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China |
| KMS | Segdul Kodzhakov; Albert Katchiev; Anatole Klyosov; Astrid Krahn; Thomas Krahn; Bulat Muratov; Chris Morley; Ramil Suyunov; Vadim Sozinov; Pavel Shvarev; SF "National clans DNA project"; EHP "Suyun" Ph.D. of Technical Science; Prof. Elsa Khusnutdinova, Sc.D. of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Human Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences |
| L | Thomas Krahn, MSc (Dipl.-Ing.) formerly of Family Tree DNA's Genomics Research Center; snps named in honor of the late Leo Little |
| M | Peter Underhill, Ph.D. of Stanford University |
| MC | Christopher McCown, University of Florida; Thomas Krahn, MSc (Dipl.-Ing.), YSEQ.net, Berlin, Germany |
| MF | 23mofang BioTech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China |
| MPB | Thomaz Pinotti and Fabrício R. Santos, Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil |
| MZ | Hamma Bachir, Ph.D., E-M183 Project |
| N | The Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing |
| NWT | Northwest Territory, Theodore G. Schurr, Ph.D., Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA |
| P | Michael Hammer, Ph.D. of University of Arizona |
| Page | David C. Page, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research |
| PAGES | David C. Page, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research |
| PF | Paolo Francalacci, Ph.D., Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy |
| PH | Pille Hallast, Ph.D., University of Leicester, Department of Genetics, United Kingdom |
| PK | Biomedical and Genetic Engineering Laboratories, Islamabad, Pakistan |
| PLE | Stanislaw Plewako, M. Sci, Baltic Sea DNA Project. |
| PR | Primate (gorilla and chimpanzee), Thomas Krahn's WTTY. Some sources have not provided new names when same mutation found independently in humans. |
| RC | Major Rory Cain, BA(hons), BEd, BSc. |
| S | James F. Wilson, D.Phil. at Edinburgh University |
| SA | South America, Theodore G. Schurr, Ph.D., Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA |
| SK | Mark Stoneking, Ph.D., Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany |
| SUR | Southern Ural; SF "National clans DNA project"; B.A. Muratov; EHP "Suyun" Ph.D. of Technical Sciences; Ramil Suyunov; Prof. E.K. Khusnutdinova, Sc.D. of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Human Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre Russian Academy of Sciences; Alexander Zolotarev; Igor Rozhanskii; Bayazit Yunusbaev, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences |
| TSC | Gudmundur A. Thorisson and Lincoln D. Stein, The SNP Consortium, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY |
| U | Lynn M. Sims, University of Central Florida; Dennis Garvey, Ph.D. Gonzaga University; and Jack Ballantyne, Ph.D., University of Central Florida |
| V | Rosaria Scozzari and Fulvio Cruciani, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy. |
| VK | Viacheslav Kudryashov. |
| VL | Vladimir Volkov, Tomsk University, Russia |
| Y | Y Full Team (Russian) using data from published and commercial next-generation sequencing samples |
| YP | SNPs identified by citizen scientists from genetic tests, then submitted to the Y Full team for verification. |
| YSC | Thomas Krahn, MSc (Dipl.-Ing.) formerly of Family Tree DNA's Genomics Research Center |
| Z | Gregory Magoon, Ph.D., Richard Rocca, Vince Tilroe, David F. Reynolds, Bonnie Schrack, Peter M. Op den Velde Boots, Ray H. Banks, Roman Sychev, Victar Mas, Steve Fix, Christian Rottensteiner, Alexander R. Williamson, Ph.D., John Sloan and an anonymous individual, independent researchers of publicly available whole genome sequence datasets, and Thomas Krahn, MSc (Dipl.-Ing.), with support from the genetic genealogy community. |
| ZP | Peter M. Op den Velde Boots, David Stedman using Big Y and other NGS sources. |
| ZQ | Gabit Baimbetov, Nurbol Baimukhanov "ShejireDNA project" and other members of the project. |
| ZS | Gregory Magoon, Ph.D., Aaron Salles Torres from samples from Full Genomes and the Big Y. |
| ZW | Michael W. Walsh using Big Y. |
| ZZ | Alex Williamson. Mutations in palindromic regions. Each ZZ prefix represents two possible SNP locations.d Róisín Ní Cholla from Gweedore just matched me at 40 cM on Ancestry. She is the 2great granddaughter of Hugh Mor Roarty who was born on Gola about 1850 and was the brother of my great grandmother Sarah Roarty. |